Distribution Transformer: The Core Equipment for Efficient Power Transmission

A distribution transformer is an essential device in power systems, responsible for converting high-voltage electricity into low-voltage electricity suitable for households, businesses, and industries. It plays a critical role in the grid, ensuring stable and safe power delivery to end users. This article will explain the working principle, types, selection criteria, and maintenance methods of distribution transformers to help you better understand this vital equipment.

How Does a Distribution Transformer Work?

Distribution transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, using the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils to change voltage. High-voltage input (e.g., 10kV) is converted into low-voltage output (e.g., 400V or 220V) to meet different power demands. Its core components include:

• Iron Core: Reduces magnetic resistance and improves efficiency
• Windings: Made of conductive material (copper or aluminum) to enable voltage conversion
• Cooling System: Oil-immersed or dry-type cooling for stable operation

Common Types of Distribution Transformers

1. Oil-Immersed Transformer
   • Uses insulating oil for cooling, excellent heat dissipation, suitable for outdoor and large-scale power systems
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2. Dry-Type Transformer
   • Oil-free design, fireproof and explosion-proof, ideal for indoor use (e.g., malls, hospitals)
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3. Pad-Mounted Transformer (Prefabricated Substation)
   • Integrates transformer and switchgear for easy installation, suitable for temporary power supply
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How to Choose the Right Distribution Transformer?

1. Determine Voltage Rating: Select input/output voltage based on grid requirements (e.g., 10kV/0.4kV)
2. Calculate Load Capacity: Choose the appropriate capacity (e.g., 100kVA, 500kVA) based on total power demand
3. Consider Installation Environment: Oil-immersed for outdoor, dry-type for indoor
4. Select a Reliable Manufacturer: Compare transformer prices and certifications (e.g., ISO, CE)
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Maintenance and Care for Distribution Transformers

• Regular Inspections: Monitor oil level (for oil-immersed), temperature, and insulation performance
• Cleaning: Remove dust to prevent overheating
• Preventive Testing: Conduct annual withstand voltage and winding resistance tests
• Troubleshooting: Shut down immediately if abnormal noise or overheating occurs

Conclusion

Distribution transformers are the “heart” of power systems. Choosing the right transformer and performing proper maintenance can significantly enhance power supply reliability. For purchasing or more information, consult a professional transformer manufacturer to get the best transformer price and technical support.